Utilisateur:Ricil Bzh/Chronologie LGBT

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Cette Chronologie de l'histoire des Lesbiennes, Gays, Bisexuels et Transgenres (LGBT) détaille les évènements notables de notre ère en Occident.


25ème/24ème siècle avant notre ère[modifier | modifier le code]

7ème siècle siècle avant notre ère[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 630 av. J.-C. : Les aristocrates crétois instituent des relations entre des adultes et des adolescents mâles, avec la double intention d'éduquer[2] les jeunes et inverser la croissance démographique. La pratique, mêlant gymnastique et nudité athlétique, est rapidement adoptée par une grande partie de la Grèce antique, influençant sports, littérature, politique, philosophie, art et même techniques guerrières, conduisant, selon certains[3], à une culture florissante connue comme le miracle grecque.

6ème siècle avant notre ère[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 600 av J.-C. : Les termes Lesbienne et Lesbos sont utilisés pour la première fois.

4ème siècle avant notre ère[modifier | modifier le code]

1er siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 54 av. J.-C. : Néron devient Empereur romain. Il se marria avec deux hommes selon des cérémonies officielles et eût une épouse a qui fûrent accordés les mêmes honneurs qu'à des impératrices[4]. Les relations homosexuelles sont acceptées et même institutionnalisées pendant cette période[5]

4ème siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

6ème siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 529 : Le Corpus juris civilis interdit l'homosexualité à Byzance. Pourtant, le peuple de Constantinople et des autres cités byzantines sont majoritairement opposés à Justinien et à Theodora sur ce sujet, y compris les chrétiens laïcs. The public resists attempts by both Justinian and Theodora to prosecute their rivals with the law.

7th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 650 - In early medieval Visigothic Spain, there is great persecution of scapegoats in an attempt to unite the Hispano-Roman majority with the Visigothic minority. These scapegoats include most notably gays and Jews. Homosexuality is criminalized. However, outside of Spain, homosexuality remains completely legal, and even relatively accepted, in almost all of Europe.

9th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 800-900 - During the Carolingian Renaissance, there is a large amount of complex gay poetry. There is no Carolingian law prohibiting homosexuality.

11th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1000-1100 - An eleventh siècle Byzantine legal treatise makes it clear that gay unions are well-known and legal in early medieval Byzantine society.
  • 1000-1100 - In Scandinavia, cult transvestitism persisted for centuries. As well, only sons who inherited their fathers’ land could marry in early medieval Scandinavia. The others had to leave the land, and they joined warrior societies. Women, expected to remain strictly chaste, and punished severely for violating this rule, were unavailable. Thus, in these warriors clubs, pederasty was practiced as an institutionalized way of life, and a viable alternative to the untouchable women.
  • 1051 - St. Peter Damian composed the Book of Gomorrah, in which he luridly described several varieties of gay sex, and said that they were quite common, especially among priests. In this regard he was quite correct; nevertheless, he had no luck convincing his contemporaries that homosexuality was a grave problem that had to be stopped. While Pope Leo IX saw homosexuality as a "grave sin," he was nevertheless reluctant to come down as harshly as Peter Damian wanted him to.
  • 1100 - Ivo of Chartes attempts to convince Pope Urban II of the dangers of homosexuality. Ivo charged that Raoul/Ralph, Archbishop of Tours, had the king of France install John as bishop of Orleans. John was well-known as Ralph’s lover, and had even had relations with the king himself, which the king openly bragged about. Urban, however, did not see this as a major problem. John ruled effectively as bishop for almost forty years and Ralph was well-known and well-respected, and continued to be so.

12th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1102 - The Council of London took measures to ensure that the public, quite tolerant of Homosexuality at the time, knew that it was sinful, marking a significant shift in church attitudes towards Homosexuality, which previously had been more or less indifference, or very mild condemnation. Many priests were homosexuals, likely one of the causes of the change in attitude, as moral reformers such as Bernard of Cluny called for change.

13th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1250-1300 - "Between 1250 and 1300, homosexual activity passed from being completely legal in most of Europe to incurring the death penalty in all but a few contemporary legal compilations." - John Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (1980)

14h siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

16th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

17th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

18th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

19th siècle[modifier | modifier le code]

Fichier:Ulrichs2.jpeg
Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, 1825-1895, the pioneer of the LGBT rights movement
  • 1811 - The Netherlands decriminalizes homosexual acts.
  • 1813 - Bavaria decriminalizes sexual acts between men.
  • 1830 - Brazil decriminalizes homosexual acts; The word Asexual is used as a term for the first time in Biology.
  • 1835 - For the first time in its history Poland criminalizes homosexuality
  • 1836 - The last known execution for homosexuality in Britain
  • 1861 - En Angleterre, la peine pour conviction de sodomie est réduite de la pendaison à l'emprisonnement
  • 1867 - On August 29, 1867, Karl-Heinrich Ulrichs became the first self-proclaimed homosexual to speak out publicly for homosexual rights when he pleaded at the Congress of German Jurists in Munich for a resolution urging the repeal of anti-homosexual laws.
Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900

1900s[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1907 - Adolf Brand, the activist leader of the Gemeinschaft der Eigenen, working to overturn Paragraph 175, publishes a piece "outing" the imperial chancellor of Germany, Prince Bernhard von Bülow. The Prince sues Brand for libel and clears his name; Brand is sentenced to 18 months in prison.

1910s[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1910 - Emma Goldman first begins speaking publicly in favor of gay rights
May 14, 1928 issue of German lesbian periodical Die freundin
  • 1914 - The word faggot is first used in print in reference to gays in a vocabulary of criminal slang published in Portland, Oregon: "All the fagots [sic] (sissies) will be dressed in drag at the ball tonight".

1920s[modifier | modifier le code]

1930s[modifier | modifier le code]

Fichier:Eldoradoinberlinafterforcedclosingbynazis.gif
Once vibrant "Eldorado" gay night club in Berlin after being shut down in 1933, with banners promoting "Hitler List 1"
  • 1932 - The new Polish Criminal Code again decriminalizes homosexuality in the whole of Poland
  • 1933 - The Nazi Party bans homosexual groups. Some homosexuals are sent to concentration camps. Nazis burn the library of Magnus Hirschfeld's Institute for Sexual Research, and destroy the Institute; Denmark decriminalizes homosexuality.
  • 1934 - Uruguay decriminalizes homosexuality.
  • 1937 - The first use of the pink triangle for gay men in Nazi concentration camps

1940s[modifier | modifier le code]

Fichier:Schimitzek Erwin.jpg
Pink triangle prisoner Erwin Schimitzek, interned in Auschwitz in 1941, died in 1942.
  • 1945 - Upon the liberation of concentration camps by Allied forces, those interned for homosexuality are not freed, but required to serve out the full term of their sentences under Paragraph 175
  • 1946 - "COC" (Dutch acronym for "Center for Culture and Recreation"), the earliest homophile organisation, is founded in the Netherlands. It is the oldest surviving LGBT organization.
  • 1948 - "Forbundet af 1948" ("League of 1948"), a homophile group, is formed in Denmark.

1950s[modifier | modifier le code]

Fichier:Mattachine Review 1959.jpg
Mattachine Review published by the Mattachine Society
Fichier:AlanTuring.jpg
Alan Turing is often considered the father of modern computer science.

1960s[modifier | modifier le code]

  • 1961 in gay rights - Decriminalization in Czechoslovakia and Hungary
  • 1962 in gay rights - Illinois becomes first U.S. state to remove sodomy law from its criminal code.
  • 1963 in gay rights - Israel decriminalizes de-facto sodomy and sexual acts between men by judicial decision against the enforcement of the relevant section in the old British-mandate law from 1936 (which in fact was never enforced).
  • 1965 in gay rights - Swaziland becomes the second country in the world which prohibits homosexuals from entering the country by its’ Immigration laws; for persons only convicted for sodomy.
  • 1966 in gay rights - The National Planning Conference of Homophile Organizations is established. (It became NACHO (North American Conference of Homophile Organizations) in 1967).
  • 1967 in gay rights - The Sexual Offences Act 1967 decriminalises male homosexual behaviour in Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, so long as only two men are involved, both are age 21 or older, neither is mentally retarded, neither is a member of the armed forces or the merchant marine, and neither is a resident of a jurisdiction where male homosexual behaviour is illegal (e.g., Scotland or Northern Ireland). The book "Homosexual Behavior Among Males" by Wainwright Churchill breaks ground as a scientific study approaching homosexuality as a fact of life rather than as a sin, crime or disease, and introduces the term "homoerotophobia", a possible precursor to "homophobia". Oscar Wilde Bookshop, the world's first gay and lesbian bookstore, opens in New York City.
  • 1968 in gay rights - Paragraph 175 is eased in East Germany. Canada repeals all anti-sodomy laws and Bulgaria decriminalize adult homosexual relations.
  • 1969 in gay rights - Stonewall riots - Paragraph 175 is eased in West Germany - Homosexual behavior legalized in Canada with an Age of Consent set at 21 - 14 for everyone else; Quoted by a famous speech "The Government has no busineess in the bedrooms of the Nation". FREE, first gay student group formed in the United States. An Australian arm of the Daughters of Bilitis, forms in Melbourne and is considered Australia's first gay rights organisation.
  • 1960-1970 : le bill Omnibus du ministre de la justice du Canada, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, décriminalise la sodomie entre adultes consentants. « L'État n'a pas à s'immiscer dans la chambre à coucher » avait déclaré le ministre qui deviendra quelques mois plus tard Premier ministre du Canada.
  • En 1960, en France une autre loi introduit une discrimination pénale : la loi du 25 novembre 1960 (créant l'alinéa 2 de l'article 330 du Code pénal) double la peine minimum pour outrage public à la pudeur quand il s'agissait de rapports homosexuels (cette loi a été supprimée par la loi du 23 décembre 1980)
  • En 1962, l’Illinois devient le premier État américain à décriminaliser la sodomie.
  • En 1967, le Royaume-Uni décriminalise la sodomie.
  • En 1969, l'Allemagne de l'Ouest fait de même.

1970s[modifier | modifier le code]

Unsourced image removed:

Fichier:Harvey milk.jpg
Harvey Milk (1930-1978) American politician and gay-rights activist, assassinated in 1978.
The Gay Pride Flag, symbol of the Gay Rights Movement, was first flown in 1978 in San Francisco. This is the current version, flying over the Castro in June 2005

1980s[modifier | modifier le code]

1990s[modifier | modifier le code]


2000s[modifier | modifier le code]

Fichier:Irangay teens.jpg
Iranian homosexual youths Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni executed in 2005.

Voir aussi[modifier | modifier le code]

Notes[modifier | modifier le code]

  1. ↑ Greg Reeder, Same-sex desire, conjugal constructs, and the tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep, World Archaeology n°32, Oct 2000 (pages 193–208)
  2. ↑ William Armstrong Percy III, Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece
  3. ↑ George Devereaux, Greek Pseudo-homosexuality and the Greek Miracle, in Symbolae Osloenses n°13 ,1967 (pages 70-92)
  4. ↑ (en) Ancient History Sourcebook
  5. ↑ (en)Homosexual Eros in Early Greece
  6. ↑ « Des ultranationalistes menacent la Gay pride» dans Le Nouvel Obs web, 22/05/2006

Liens externes[modifier | modifier le code]

Categorie:LGBT

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